ACTA FAC. MED. NAISS. 2007;24(3):135-141

  Professional article

TOXIC AGENTS AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS

Mirjana Aranđelovic¹

Maja Nikolic²

Ivana Stankovic³

¹Institute of Occupational Health Nis

²Public Health Institute Nis

³Clinic for Lung Diseases and TBC Knez Selo

    SUMMARY

    Because some research suggests that the reproductive system is more sensitive then other organ systems, it is important that exposure limits formulated in the future take reproductive toxicity into consideration. Numerous agents have been shown to have adverse reproductive or developmental effects. Structural chromosomal changes may have no adverse effects, or they may be associated with mental retardation, anomalies, reduced fertility, or malignancy. Increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations have been reported in radiation workers and in workers exposed to chemicals such as benzene, styrene, ethylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium. Occupational agents can disrupt sperm production either directly, by injuring testicular cells, or indirectly, by interfering with the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis. Toxic agents may also impair sexual function by reducing libido or by inhibiting erection and ejaculation. Toxicity to oocytes may occur from occupational exposure received by a woman worker. Exposure to toxic agents after the first trimester of pregnancy can still cause problems. Certain exposures may reduce fetal growth, result in functional or neurobehavioral abnormalities in offspring, or increase the risk of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia or preterm birth. Health professionals can prevent or reduce work-related health risk through patient education and counseling and by advocating for workplace change to decrease or eliminate deleterious exposures.

    Key words: reproductive system, workplace, toxic agents