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Introduction: Hypodontia implies a lack of one or more teeth and
is the most common developmentaly dental anomaly.
Purpose: To conduct an ortopantomographic studies and to
establish the distribution and frequency of hypodontia in orthodontic
patients.
Material and methods: 505 ortopantomograms were analyzed (OTS),
for diagnosis of hypodontia of both gender and age range from 8 - 17
years. Tooth was declared as a congenital (developmen tal) missing when
it wasn’t visible or radiological recognizable based on its own degree
of mineralization and calcification, and when there was no data on its
extraction. The obtained data were statistically processed by SPSS 15.0
software, using the Hi square test or Fisher exact probability null
hypothesis.
Results: There were agenesia of teeth in 55 patients (10.89%); at
the 34 girls (12.10%) and at the 21 boys (9.38%), but with no
statistically significant differences (χ2=0,95,
p=0,3288). A total of 142 missing teeth were detected. It was found that
in the maxilla is missing 61 teeth (42.96%) and 81 mandibular teeth
(57.04%). The most common missing tooth, was the lower left second
premolar at the girls (6.05%); the most patients (24) had the lack of 2
teeth - (4.75% compared to the total number of respondents and 43.64 %
compared to the number of patients with hypodontia). Oligodontia was
found in 8 (1.58%) patients analyzed in this paper and in 14.55% of all
patients with hypodontia. Symmetric hypodontia was found in 38 patients
(7.52%) and asymmetric hypodontia in 17 patients (3.37%) compared to all
respondents. The presence of symmetric hypodontia was significantly more
frequent than asymmetrical (p <0,01)
Conclusion: The congenital missing one or more teeeth had 10.89% of
our patients with the common missing of teeth in girls(12.10%) than
boys(9.38%). Hypodontia was more common in the lower jaw and in girls
(8.19% on the right side and 7.47% on the left side) compared to boys
(4.02% left and 5.36% right side). Number of missing teeth ranged from
1-9, and most patients had a lack of 2 teeth.
Key words:
hypodontia, radiographic analysis, congenitally missing teeth
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