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Introduction:The process of wound healing after tooth extraction
has been studied in several animal species under normal and experimental
conditions that might interfere with the healing. Chronology of wound
healing after tooth extraction (molars and incisors), which consists in
several phases, has been examined by histological, radiological,
immunohistochemistry, stereology (bone volumetry), and densitometry
methods and by using of micro-camera to determine the volume fraction of
histological components.
The aim of this study is to analyse the process of healing of
normal extraction wound and to determine the period of time it takes for
the postextraction wound to completely heal.
Matherial and method: The research is based on the literature
available in electronic databases Pubmed/Medline, Kobson, Googlescholar.
The total of 22 papers which follow the normal course of healing were
found; 7 papers met the criteria regarding the complete description of
the healig process in the socket after tooth extraction in rats.
Results: On the second day after the extraction wound starts with
forming epithelium. The first sign of bone tissue has appeared four days
after the extraction as subperiostal osteogenesis.On fourth and fifth
day, in some fibroblasts differentiation in osteoblasts has already
begun. On the fifth day the delicate trabecules of young bone attached
to the walls of the socket in its basal part can be seen, and the signs
of ossification are clearly indicated by a darker shadow in the central
part of the apical third of the socket present in the x ray. The end of
the epitelization is on the eighth day, when the lamina dura was
slightly less pronounced, while the lower parts of the socket have a
pronounced X-ray shadow. In most of the specimens, the socket has been
completely filled with reticular bone on day 14. The socket has been
filled with young bone after 20 days.Presense of lamelar bone can be
seen 60th day after exraction. Remodelation of aveolar ridges lasts until
112th day.
Conclusion: The healing of normal extraction wounds in rats begins
with the appearance of the epithelium of the second postoperative day,
and the end of the epitelization is on the eighth day . Formation of
bone begins on the fourth day after the exodontia. The intense bone
formation lasts until the twentieth postoperative day when the young r
bone fills the socket. Lamellar bone is present on 60th days after
extraction. Applicaton of bone morfogenetic protein, low power laser and
polarized light had no expected effect on the the healing of the
extraction wound in experimental rats.
Key words: extraction wound, healing, experimental animal
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