THE PREVALENCE OF LOWER LIP CARCINOMA

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ACTA
STOMATOLOGICA
NAISSI

Table of Contents for
June 2025 • Volume 41 • Number 91

THE PREVALENCE OF LOWER LIP CARCINOMA IN NORTH MACEDONIA: A 5-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Ridvan Djemailji¹,
Danica Popović Monevska^2,3,
Vladimir Filipovski⁴,
Irena Stojanova¹,
Biljana Evrosimovska^1,4,
Aleksandar Stamatoski²,
Filip Koneski²

¹University Dental Clinical Centre "St. Pantelejmon", Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Skopje, North Macedonia²University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Skopje, North Macedonia ³"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University", Faculty of Dentistry, Skopje, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Skopje, North Macedonia⁴"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University", Faculty of Dentistry, Skopje, Department of Oral Surgery, Skopje, North Macedonia

...Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoma of the lower lip constitutes approximately 5% of malignant tumors in the head and neck region. Timely treatment may lead to a favorable clinical outcome. Primary risk factors for its occurrence include excessive sun exposure and smoking.
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of lower lip carcinoma and their impact on the occurrence of neck metastases.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with diagnosed lower lip carcinoma, 92 (76.6%) male and 28 (23.3%) female, were included in the study. The majority of the patients were farmers and outdoor workers, regardless of gender and age. This study employed retrospective analysis for a period of five years. Hospital records of all patients treated for this condition were analyzed. Patient and tumor characteristics: gender, age, occupation, TNM classification, stage, cell differentiation, and occurrence of local and regional recurrences were examined.
Results: The most common age affected by lower lip carcinoma was between 60 and 80 years, with over 90% aged above 50. Tumors were most frequently diagnosed at T1, followed by T2 size and Grade II. Local recurrences were detected in 5.8% of patients, while regional recurrences were noted in 8.3% of patients, most commonly in the period between the first and second year post-surgery.
Conclusion: Recurrences of lower lip carcinoma are relatively rare, but frequent follow-ups in the first two years post-surgery are necessary. As farmers and outdoor workers represent a high-risk group for lower lip carcinoma development, screening during every dental and general medical visit is essential for early detection.

Key words: lower lip carcinoma, risk factors, retrospective study, treatment, recurrence

...Authors and Reprint Information

Address of correspondence:
Dr. Ridvan Djemailji, MSc
University Dental Clinical Centre "St. Pantelejmon", Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Skopje, North Macedonia
43 Mother Teresa St. 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
E-mail: ridvan_1@yahoo.com